independence referendum

Twelve pro-independence leaders moved abroad to avoid arrest after 2017 referendum

Jordi Cañas of Ciudadanos says secessionist parties are 'gathering forces' for new vote during Sánchez's term

Catalan government advisory panel believes deal with Spain could prompt Constitutional Court to accept vote

Current foreign minister also fined €12,000 in decision that can be appealed

Governing Catalan party wants new self-determination vote needing 55% yes to pass

Atmosphere peaceful as attendees boo representatives of government main party, which prioritizes talks with Spain

President says government 'will manage to hold another vote' and insists on Canada-like Clarity Act

All parties in parliament view the 2017 referendum differently and take varying conclusions from it

Nearly 2.3 million ballots were cast on October 1, 2017, but the day was marred by brutal police violence leaving over 1,000 injured

Experts say referendum was 'most important challenge' to Spain in decades but leaders did not think about 'what to do after'

Changes, under investigation, include deleting section on police brutality during October 2017 referendum

Pro-independence leaders point out this is the ‘democratic’ and ‘peaceful way’ and give their support for the 2023 vote